refactor(auth): remove bot owner linkage and enforce bot-level permissions

app/api/auth_routes.py

@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ def _to_auth_token_response(token: AuthToken) -> AuthTokenResponse:
 def _to_bot_principal_response(bot: BotPrincipal) -> BotPrincipalResponse:
     return BotPrincipalResponse(
         id=bot.id,
-        owner_user_id=bot.owner_user_id,
         name=bot.name,
+        permission=bot.permission,
         description=bot.description,
         is_active=bot.is_active,
         created_at=bot.created_at,

app/domain/models.py

@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ class TokenPrincipal:
 @dataclass
 class BotPrincipal:
     id: str
-    owner_user_id: str
     name: str
+    permission: str
     description: str | None = None
     is_active: bool = True
     created_at: datetime | None = None

app/repositories/portfolio_repository.py

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ class PortfolioRepository(Protocol):
     def create_bot_principal(
         self,
         *,
-        owner_user_id: str,
         name: str,
+        permission: str,
         description: str | None = None,
     ) -> BotPrincipal: ...
 

app/repositories/postgres.py

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ _SELECT_AUTH_TOKEN = """
 _SELECT_BOT_PRINCIPAL = """
     SELECT
         id,
-        owner_user_id,
         name,
+        permission,
         description,
         is_active,
         created_at,
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ class PostgresPortfolioRepository:
                 """
                 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS bot_principals (
                     id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-                    owner_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
                     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+                    permission TEXT NOT NULL,
                     description TEXT,
                     is_active BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE,
                     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
@@ -169,6 +169,9 @@ class PostgresPortfolioRepository:
                 """
             )
             cur.execute("ALTER TABLE auth_tokens ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS bot_principal_id TEXT")
+            cur.execute("ALTER TABLE bot_principals ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS permission TEXT")
+            cur.execute("UPDATE bot_principals SET permission = 'read' WHERE permission IS NULL")
+            cur.execute("ALTER TABLE bot_principals ALTER COLUMN permission SET NOT NULL")
             cur.execute(
                 """
                 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_auth_tokens_user_created
@@ -304,8 +307,8 @@ class PostgresPortfolioRepository:
             raise ValueError("봇을 찾을 수 없습니다")
         return BotPrincipal(
             id=row[0],
-            owner_user_id=row[1],
-            name=row[2],
+            name=row[1],
+            permission=row[2],
             description=row[3] if len(row) > 3 else None,
             is_active=bool(row[4]) if len(row) > 4 else True,
             created_at=row[5] if len(row) > 5 else None,
@@ -515,9 +518,10 @@ class PostgresPortfolioRepository:
     ) -> AuthToken:
         self.ensure_schema()
         with self._connect().cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("SELECT 1 FROM users WHERE id = %s", (user_id,))
-            if cur.fetchone() is None:
-                raise ValueError("사용자를 찾을 수 없습니다")
+            if token_type != "bot":
+                cur.execute("SELECT 1 FROM users WHERE id = %s", (user_id,))
+                if cur.fetchone() is None:
+                    raise ValueError("사용자를 찾을 수 없습니다")
             if bot_principal_id is not None:
                 cur.execute("SELECT 1 FROM bot_principals WHERE id = %s", (bot_principal_id,))
                 if cur.fetchone() is None:
@@ -562,15 +566,12 @@ class PostgresPortfolioRepository:
     def create_bot_principal(
         self,
         *,
-        owner_user_id: str,
         name: str,
+        permission: str,
         description: str | None = None,
     ) -> BotPrincipal:
         self.ensure_schema()
         with self._connect().cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("SELECT 1 FROM users WHERE id = %s", (owner_user_id,))
-            if cur.fetchone() is None:
-                raise ValueError("소유 사용자를 찾을 수 없습니다")
             cur.execute("SELECT 1 FROM bot_principals WHERE name = %s", (name,))
             if cur.fetchone() is not None:
                 raise ValueError(f"이미 존재하는 bot name입니다: {name}")
@@ -578,11 +579,11 @@ class PostgresPortfolioRepository:
             bot_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
             cur.execute(
                 """
-                INSERT INTO bot_principals (id, owner_user_id, name, description)
+                INSERT INTO bot_principals (id, name, permission, description)
                 VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)
-                RETURNING id, owner_user_id, name, description, is_active, created_at, updated_at, deactivated_at
+                RETURNING id, name, permission, description, is_active, created_at, updated_at, deactivated_at
                 """,
-                (bot_id, owner_user_id, name, description),
+                (bot_id, name, permission, description),
             )
             row = cur.fetchone()
         return self._row_to_bot_principal(row)
@@ -615,7 +616,7 @@ class PostgresPortfolioRepository:
                 UPDATE bot_principals
                 SET is_active = FALSE, deactivated_at = NOW(), updated_at = NOW()
                 WHERE id = %s
-                RETURNING id, owner_user_id, name, description, is_active, created_at, updated_at, deactivated_at
+                RETURNING id, name, permission, description, is_active, created_at, updated_at, deactivated_at
                 """,
                 (bot_principal_id,),
             )

app/schemas/auth.py

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ class IssuedClientTokenResponse(BaseModel):
 
 
 class CreateBotPrincipalRequest(BaseModel):
-    owner_user_id: str = Field(min_length=1)
     name: str = Field(min_length=1)
+    permission: Literal["read", "trade-write", "admin"]
     description: str | None = None
 
     @field_validator("name")
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ class CreateBotPrincipalRequest(BaseModel):
 
 class BotPrincipalResponse(BaseModel):
     id: str
-    owner_user_id: str
     name: str
+    permission: Literal["read", "trade-write", "admin"]
     description: str | None = None
     is_active: bool
     created_at: datetime | None = None

app/services/auth_service.py

@@ -103,10 +103,9 @@ class AuthService:
         self._repository.revoke_auth_token(auth_context.user_id, token_id)
 
     def create_bot_principal(self, payload: CreateBotPrincipalRequest) -> BotPrincipal:
-        self._repository.get_user(payload.owner_user_id)
         return self._repository.create_bot_principal(
-            owner_user_id=payload.owner_user_id,
             name=payload.name,
+            permission=payload.permission,
             description=payload.description,
         )
 
@@ -124,16 +123,15 @@ class AuthService:
         if not bot.is_active:
             raise ValueError("비활성화된 봇에는 토큰을 발급할 수 없습니다")
 
-        owner = self._repository.get_user(bot.owner_user_id)
-        owner_permission = Permission(owner.permission)
-        requested = Permission(payload.permission or owner.permission)
-        if not _has_permission(owner_permission, requested):
-            raise ValueError("요청한 토큰 권한이 봇 소유자의 권한을 초과합니다")
+        bot_permission = Permission(bot.permission)
+        requested = Permission(payload.permission or bot.permission)
+        if not _has_permission(bot_permission, requested):
+            raise ValueError("요청한 토큰 권한이 봇 권한을 초과합니다")
 
         raw_token = generate_token()
         expires_at = self._build_expiration(payload.expires_in_days, self._settings.bot_token_default_ttl_days)
         auth_token = self._repository.create_auth_token(
-            owner.id,
+            bot.id,
             name=payload.name,
             token_hash=hash_token(raw_token),
             token_prefix=token_prefix(raw_token),

docs/api-examples.md

@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/auth/bots" \
   -H "Authorization: Bearer <ADMIN_TOKEN>" \
   -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
   -d '{
-    "owner_user_id": "user-1",
     "name": "market-bot",
+    "permission": "trade-write",
     "description": "External trading bot"
   }'
 ```
@@ -374,8 +374,8 @@ Response 201:
 ```json
 {
   "id": "bot-1",
-  "owner_user_id": "user-1",
   "name": "market-bot",
+  "permission": "trade-write",
   "description": "External trading bot",
   "is_active": true,
   "created_at": "2026-04-03T00:00:00Z",
@@ -466,8 +466,8 @@ Response 200:
 ```json
 {
   "id": "bot-1",
-  "owner_user_id": "user-1",
   "name": "market-bot",
+  "permission": "trade-write",
   "description": "External trading bot",
   "is_active": false,
   "created_at": "2026-04-03T00:00:00Z",

docs/db-schema-spec.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 This document defines the database schema in an AI-agent-friendly format.
 
 - Source of truth: Alembic revisions in `migrations/versions`
-- Current baseline revision: `20260403_0006`
+- Current baseline revision: `20260403_0007`
 - Baseline files:
 	- `migrations/versions/20260403_0001_initial_portfolio_schema.py`
 	- `migrations/versions/20260403_0002_strategy_set_columns.py`
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ This document defines the database schema in an AI-agent-friendly format.
 	- `migrations/versions/20260403_0004_users_table.py`
 	- `migrations/versions/20260403_0005_auth_user_fields_and_tokens.py`
 	- `migrations/versions/20260403_0006_bot_principals_and_bot_tokens.py`
+	- `migrations/versions/20260403_0007_bot_principal_permission_only.py`
 
 ## 2. Scope
 
@@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ Columns:
 | Column | Type | Null | Default | Constraints / Notes |
 |---|---|---|---|---|
 | id | Text | NO | - | Primary Key |
-| owner_user_id | Text | NO | - | Logical owner reference to users.id |
 | name | Text | NO | - | Unique bot name |
+| permission | Text | NO | - | Bot permission ceiling |
 | description | Text | YES | - | Optional operator description |
 | is_active | Boolean | NO | TRUE | When false, bot tokens are rejected |
 | created_at | DateTime(timezone=True) | NO | NOW() | Creation timestamp |
@@ -292,3 +293,4 @@ When schema changes:
 | 20260403_0004 | migrations/versions/20260403_0004_users_table.py | Add `users` table with unique username/email and created_at index |
 | 20260403_0005 | migrations/versions/20260403_0005_auth_user_fields_and_tokens.py | Add password/permission/login fields to `users` and create `auth_tokens` table |
 | 20260403_0006 | migrations/versions/20260403_0006_bot_principals_and_bot_tokens.py | Add `bot_principals` table and `auth_tokens.bot_principal_id` for bot API key management |
+| 20260403_0007 | migrations/versions/20260403_0007_bot_principal_permission_only.py | Remove `bot_principals.owner_user_id` and enforce bot-local `permission` model |

docs/portfoliohub-spec.md

@@ -441,8 +441,8 @@ Bootstrap rule:
 
 `CreateBotPrincipalRequest`
 
-- `owner_user_id: str`
 - `name: str`
+- `permission: "read" | "trade-write" | "admin"`
 - `description: str | null`
 
 `CreateBotTokenRequest`
@@ -529,8 +529,8 @@ Bootstrap rule:
 `BotPrincipalResponse`
 
 - `id: str`
-- `owner_user_id: str`
 - `name: str`
+- `permission: "read" | "trade-write" | "admin"`
 - `description: str | null`
 - `is_active: bool`
 - `created_at: datetime | null`

migrations/versions/20260403_0006_bot_principals_and_bot_tokens.py

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
         op.create_table(
             "bot_principals",
             sa.Column("id", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
-            sa.Column("owner_user_id", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
             sa.Column("name", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column("permission", sa.Text(), nullable=False, server_default="read"),
             sa.Column("description", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
             sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("TRUE")),
             sa.Column("created_at", sa.TIMESTAMP(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("NOW()")),

migrations/versions/20260403_0007_bot_principal_permission_only.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""remove bot owner link and enforce bot permission
+
+Revision ID: 20260403_0007
+Revises: 20260403_0006
+Create Date: 2026-04-03 14:20:00
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+from sqlalchemy import inspect
+
+
+revision = "20260403_0007"
+down_revision = "20260403_0006"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def _table_exists(inspector, table_name: str) -> bool:
+    return table_name in inspector.get_table_names()
+
+
+def _column_exists(inspector, table_name: str, column_name: str) -> bool:
+    return any(column["name"] == column_name for column in inspector.get_columns(table_name))
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    bind = op.get_bind()
+    inspector = inspect(bind)
+
+    if not _table_exists(inspector, "bot_principals"):
+        return
+
+    if not _column_exists(inspector, "bot_principals", "permission"):
+        op.add_column("bot_principals", sa.Column("permission", sa.Text(), nullable=True))
+
+    op.execute("UPDATE bot_principals SET permission = 'read' WHERE permission IS NULL")
+    op.alter_column("bot_principals", "permission", existing_type=sa.Text(), nullable=False)
+
+    inspector = inspect(bind)
+    if _column_exists(inspector, "bot_principals", "owner_user_id"):
+        op.drop_column("bot_principals", "owner_user_id")
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    bind = op.get_bind()
+    inspector = inspect(bind)
+
+    if not _table_exists(inspector, "bot_principals"):
+        return
+
+    if not _column_exists(inspector, "bot_principals", "owner_user_id"):
+        op.add_column("bot_principals", sa.Column("owner_user_id", sa.Text(), nullable=True))
+
+    op.execute("UPDATE bot_principals SET owner_user_id = 'legacy-owner' WHERE owner_user_id IS NULL")
+    op.alter_column("bot_principals", "owner_user_id", existing_type=sa.Text(), nullable=False)
+
+    inspector = inspect(bind)
+    if _column_exists(inspector, "bot_principals", "permission"):
+        op.drop_column("bot_principals", "permission")

tests/test_users.py

@@ -168,18 +168,17 @@ class FakeUserRepo:
     def create_bot_principal(
         self,
         *,
-        owner_user_id: str,
         name: str,
+        permission: str,
         description: str | None = None,
     ) -> BotPrincipal:
-        self.get_user(owner_user_id)
         if any(item.name == name for item in self.bots.values()):
             raise ValueError(f"이미 존재하는 bot name입니다: {name}")
         now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
         bot = BotPrincipal(
             id=f"bot-{self.next_bot_id}",
-            owner_user_id=owner_user_id,
             name=name,
+            permission=permission,
             description=description,
             is_active=True,
             created_at=now,
@@ -331,7 +330,6 @@ def test_login_and_issue_client_token_flow(monkeypatch) -> None:
 
 def test_admin_can_create_bot_and_issue_token(monkeypatch) -> None:
     repo = FakeUserRepo()
-    owner = repo.create_user("bot-owner", password_hash=hash_password("password123"), permission="trade-write")
     admin = repo.create_user("admin", password_hash=hash_password("admin123!"), permission="admin")
     client = _client_with_repo(monkeypatch, repo)
 
@@ -342,7 +340,7 @@ def test_admin_can_create_bot_and_issue_token(monkeypatch) -> None:
     bot_response = client.post(
         "/auth/bots",
         headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {admin_token}"},
-        json={"owner_user_id": owner.id, "name": "market-bot", "description": "external execution bot"},
+        json={"name": "market-bot", "permission": "trade-write", "description": "external execution bot"},
     )
     assert bot_response.status_code == 201
     bot_id = bot_response.json()["id"]
@@ -359,12 +357,12 @@ def test_admin_can_create_bot_and_issue_token(monkeypatch) -> None:
     assert payload["token"]
     assert payload["auth_token"]["token_type"] == "bot"
     assert payload["auth_token"]["bot_principal_id"] == bot_id
+    assert payload["auth_token"]["permission"] == "read"
     assert payload["auth_token"]["expires_at"] is not None
 
 
 def test_deactivated_bot_token_is_rejected(monkeypatch) -> None:
     repo = FakeUserRepo()
-    owner = repo.create_user("bot-owner", password_hash=hash_password("password123"), permission="read")
     admin = repo.create_user("admin", password_hash=hash_password("admin123!"), permission="admin")
     client = _client_with_repo(monkeypatch, repo)
 
@@ -375,7 +373,7 @@ def test_deactivated_bot_token_is_rejected(monkeypatch) -> None:
     bot_response = client.post(
         "/auth/bots",
         headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {admin_token}"},
-        json={"owner_user_id": owner.id, "name": "ops-bot"},
+        json={"name": "ops-bot", "permission": "read"},
     )
     assert bot_response.status_code == 201
     bot_id = bot_response.json()["id"]