feat: implement asset catalog database foundation (BAT-001, REQ-009/011/014)

Asset Catalog Model Implementation (BAT-001):
- Introduce assets table with UUID PK, symbol UNIQUE, markets TEXT[] array
- Define MarketCode enum (KRX, NXT, SOR, NASDAQ, NYSE, UPBIT, BITHUMB)
- Add Asset domain model with catalog properties
- Implement asset CRUD protocols in portfolio_repository
- Add PostgreSQL asset CRUD operations with GIN index on markets

Portfolio Model Refactoring (REQ-011):
- Add portfolios.asset_id UUID FK to assets(asset_id) ON DELETE RESTRICT
- Remove portfolios.symbol and portfolios.market columns
- Update Portfolio domain model to reference asset_id instead of symbol/market
- Refactor all portfolio queries to JOIN assets catalog
- Update all repository methods to use asset references

Data Migration (REQ-014):
- Create 20260519_0017 Alembic revision for assets table creation
- Create 20260519_0018 Alembic revision for atomic data migration:
  * Extract unique symbol combinations from portfolios
  * Aggregate markets using ARRAY_AGG(DISTINCT market)
  * Populate assets catalog with extracted data
  * Update portfolios.asset_id to reference new assets
  * Remove legacy symbol/market columns in single transaction
- Implement migration with rollback support

Requirements Approved (REQ-001~008):
- REQ-001~008 transitioned from Proposed to Approved
- Complete tag model requirement set with implementation readiness

New Requirements Approved (REQ-009~015):
- REQ-009: assets table schema (approved, included in BAT-001)
- REQ-010: admin asset catalog CRUD (approved, future BAT-002)
- REQ-011: portfolios asset_id FK (approved, included in BAT-001)
- REQ-012: portfolio create catalog validation (approved, future BAT-002)
- REQ-013: GET /v1/assets token branching (approved, future BAT-002)
- REQ-014: portfolios data migration (approved, included in BAT-001)
- REQ-015: asset catalog baseline docs (approved)

Code Changes:
- app/domain/models.py: Add Asset model, MarketCode enum, Portfolio asset_id FK
- app/repositories/portfolio_repository.py: Define asset CRUD protocol
- app/repositories/postgres.py: Implement asset operations with full CRUD
- app/api/v1_assets.py: Remove symbol/market direct references
- app/cli/commands/portfolio.py: Update portfolio commands for asset references
- app/schemas/portfolio.py: Update portfolio schema with asset_id
- All portfolio operations throughout codebase: Use asset references

Testing:
- Add test_asset_catalog.py for asset CRUD operations
- Verify REQ-009 AC-1~5 (asset catalog creation, lookup, uniqueness)
- Verify REQ-011 AC-1~5 (FK constraint, portfolio asset reference)
- Verify REQ-014 AC-1~6 (migration atomicity, data correctness, rollback)
- Update existing tests for asset model usage

Documentation:
- Create BAT-001 batch documents (planning, design, implementation, verification)
- Update dcy-001 with implementation details and confirmed architecture
- Add 8 new requirement documents (REQ-009~015)
- Update docs/discovery/index.md with batch entry

Impact:
- Database: assets catalog table, portfolios refactored to reference assets
- Migration: 2 new Alembic revisions (0017 assets, 0018 portfolio migration)
- API: Symbol/market now accessed through asset references
- CLI: Portfolio commands require asset reference pattern
- All existing portfolio data preserved and correctly migrated
This commit is contained in:
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## Next Requirement ID
- Current: `REQ-009`
- Current: `REQ-016`
- Rule: `Requirement Register`에 있는 가장 큰 REQ 번호보다 정확히 1 커야 한다.
## Requirement Register
| ID | Title | Type | Status | Priority | Owner | Link |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| REQ-001 | tags 마스터 테이블 도입 | Data | Proposed | High | Justin Ko | [req-001](./Data/req-001_tags-master-table.md) |
| REQ-002 | assets.tag_ids UUID[] 컬럼 추가 | Data | Proposed | High | Justin Ko | [req-002](./Data/req-002_assets-tag-ids-column.md) |
| REQ-003 | portfolios.tag_ids UUID[] 컬럼 추가 및 portfolio_tags 테이블 제거 | Data | Proposed | High | Justin Ko | [req-003](./Data/req-003_portfolios-tag-ids-and-portfolio-tags-removal.md) |
| REQ-004 | tags 마스터 HTTP API | Interface | Proposed | High | Justin Ko | [req-004](./Interface/req-004_tags-http-api.md) |
| REQ-005 | 태그 적용·해제 HTTP API | Interface | Proposed | High | Justin Ko | [req-005](./Interface/req-005_tag-apply-remove-http-api.md) |
| REQ-006 | portfolio_tags 데이터 마이그레이션 | Migration | Proposed | High | Justin Ko | [req-006](./Migration/req-006_portfolio-tags-data-migration.md) |
| REQ-007 | pfhub tag CLI 명령어 | Interface | Proposed | Medium | Justin Ko | [req-007](./Interface/req-007_pfhub-tag-cli.md) |
| REQ-008 | 태그 모델 도입 baseline 문서 갱신 | Documentation | Proposed | Low | Justin Ko | [req-008](./Documentation/req-008_tag-baseline-docs-update.md) |
| REQ-001 | tags 마스터 테이블 도입 | Data | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-001](./Data/req-001_tags-master-table.md) |
| REQ-002 | assets.tag_ids UUID[] 컬럼 추가 | Data | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-002](./Data/req-002_assets-tag-ids-column.md) |
| REQ-003 | portfolios.tag_ids UUID[] 컬럼 추가 및 portfolio_tags 테이블 제거 | Data | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-003](./Data/req-003_portfolios-tag-ids-and-portfolio-tags-removal.md) |
| REQ-004 | tags 마스터 HTTP API | Interface | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-004](./Interface/req-004_tags-http-api.md) |
| REQ-005 | 태그 적용·해제 HTTP API | Interface | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-005](./Interface/req-005_tag-apply-remove-http-api.md) |
| REQ-006 | portfolio_tags 데이터 마이그레이션 | Migration | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-006](./Migration/req-006_portfolio-tags-data-migration.md) |
| REQ-007 | pfhub tag CLI 명령어 | Interface | Approved | Medium | Justin Ko | [req-007](./Interface/req-007_pfhub-tag-cli.md) |
| REQ-008 | 태그 모델 도입 baseline 문서 갱신 | Documentation | Approved | Low | Justin Ko | [req-008](./Documentation/req-008_tag-baseline-docs-update.md) |
| REQ-009 | assets 테이블 스키마 도입 | Data | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-009](./Data/req-009_assets-table-schema.md) |
| REQ-010 | admin asset catalog CRUD | Interface | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-010](./Interface/req-010_admin-asset-catalog-crud.md) |
| REQ-011 | portfolios asset_id FK 추가 및 symbol/market 제거 | Data | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-011](./Data/req-011_portfolios-asset-id-fk-and-column-removal.md) |
| REQ-012 | portfolio 생성 CLI catalog 검증 | Interface | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-012](./Interface/req-012_portfolio-create-catalog-validation.md) |
| REQ-013 | GET /v1/assets 토큰 타입별 분기 재정의 | Interface | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-013](./Interface/req-013_get-v1-assets-token-branching.md) |
| REQ-014 | portfolios 데이터 migration | Migration | Approved | High | Justin Ko | [req-014](./Migration/req-014_portfolios-data-migration.md) |
| REQ-015 | asset catalog 도입 baseline 문서 갱신 | Documentation | Approved | Low | Justin Ko | [req-015](./Documentation/req-015_asset-catalog-baseline-docs-update.md) |
## Recent Change Log Summary
- 2026-05-19: REQ-001~015 전체 Proposed → Approved 전환 — confirm-req 일괄 승인; 승인 게이트(필수 필드, AC 구체성, Change Log) 모두 충족
- 2026-05-19: REQ-009~015 최초 생성 — dcy-001 (자산 관리 구조 재설계) confirm-discovery 후 draft-req 실행
- 2026-05-19: REQ-001~008 최초 생성 — dcy-002 (태그 소유권 및 적용 대상 정책) confirm-discovery 후 draft-req 실행