# Portfolio Hub Data Model

- Baseline Mode: observed
- Baseline Seed: .stagepilot/bootstrap/baseline.yaml
- Status: confirmed
- Owner: repository-maintainers
- Last Updated (KST): 2026-05-21 00:00
- Source Discovery / Batch: bootstrap-baseline, bat-001, bat-006, bat-008, bat-010, bat-003, bat-004, bat-005, BAT-006(dcy-004), BAT-007(dcy-004), BAT-008(dcy-004)

## Project Summary
- PortfolioHub exposes portfolio management and trading ledger workflows through a FastAPI service and a companion CLI.

## Primary Domain
- Portfolio management and trading ledger services.

## Primary Persistence Backend
- PostgreSQL or TimescaleDB via psycopg with Alembic-managed migrations.

## Purpose
- This document captures the approved cross-cutting data model baseline for the project.
- It is a shared reference for REQ drafting, batch design, implementation, verification, migration planning, and handoff.

## Scope
- Covers core entities, relationships, states, persistence mappings, and shared consistency rules.
- Does not duplicate full functional acceptance criteria already owned by REQ documents.
- Does not replace ORM definitions, migration files, or generated schema artifacts.

## Model Summary

- Portfolio :: owned investment portfolio with balances, strategy references, tag_ids, comments, and ledger history
- User :: authenticated principal that owns portfolios and receives client or service tokens
- Daemon :: stable logical identity for a trading daemon process; registered per user; bound to service tokens and assigned to assets
- AuthToken :: issued service token (or session token for login flows) with permission, runtime_id, and optional daemon_id binding; client token type removed (REQ-016/BAT-006)
- BrokerCredential :: encrypted broker API credentials per user-broker pair
- LedgerTrade :: idempotent trade execution record keyed by (asset_id, order_id, execution_id)
- Asset :: catalog entry representing a tradeable asset; portfolios reference assets via FK
- Tag :: master tag record with ownership (created_by_user_id), admin flag, and active/inactive lifecycle

## Entity: `Tag`

- Purpose: represent a named master tag with ownership and admin classification; applied to portfolios via tag_ids UUID[] column
- Source of Truth: tags table (added by BAT-003 migration 20260519_0017)
- Lifecycle: created (is_active=true) → optionally deactivated (is_active=false); no hard delete

### Key Fields

- tag_id :: uuid :: server-generated UUID primary key (gen_random_uuid())
- name :: text UNIQUE :: tag label; normalized to lowercase and stripped; unique across all tags
- created_by_user_id :: text :: user_id of the creator; used for portfolio tag apply policy
- is_admin_tag :: boolean :: if true, tag was created with admin permission; can be applied to any portfolio regardless of ownership
- is_active :: boolean :: inactive tags cannot be applied; existing tag_ids arrays are not modified on deactivation
- created_at :: timestamptz :: creation timestamp (server_default=NOW())

### Uniqueness Constraints

- tags_name_key :: UNIQUE (name) :: one tag entry per unique lowercase name

### Relationships

- Portfolio :: portfolios.tag_ids UUID[] soft-references tags.tag_id (no FK constraint); array_append/array_remove manage membership

### State Rules

- Only is_active=true tags can be applied via POST /v1/assets/{id}/tags or POST /v1/portfolios/{id}/tags.
- Deactivating a tag does not remove it from portfolios.tag_ids arrays (lazy cleanup).
- Admin tags (is_admin_tag=true) can be applied to any portfolio; non-admin tags can only be applied to portfolios owned by the tag creator.
- Asset tag application requires is_admin_tag=true (asset tags are always admin-controlled).

### Removed Entity: `portfolio_tags` (BAT-003)

- The old `portfolio_tags` table (string-keyed free-form tags per portfolio) was replaced by `portfolios.tag_ids UUID[]` in BAT-003.
- `portfolio_tags` DROP was included in migration 20260519_0017.

## Entity: `Asset`

- Purpose: represent a tradeable asset in the catalog; serves as FK anchor for portfolios
- Source of Truth: assets table; managed exclusively via admin CLI / admin API
- Lifecycle: created → optionally deactivated; never deleted (portfolios reference it with RESTRICT FK)

### Key Fields

- asset_id :: uuid :: server-generated UUID primary key (gen_random_uuid())
- symbol :: text UNIQUE :: exchange symbol (e.g. 005930, BTC)
- markets :: text[] :: array of market codes the asset is listed on (e.g. ["KRX", "NASDAQ"])
- display_name :: text|null :: human-readable name for display
- status :: text :: "active" | "inactive"; only active assets can be referenced by new portfolios

### Uniqueness Constraints

- assets_symbol_key :: UNIQUE (symbol) :: one catalog entry per symbol

### Indexes

- idx_assets_markets_gin :: GIN index on markets array :: supports efficient array containment queries

### Relationships

- Portfolio :: portfolios.asset_id FK → assets.asset_id ON DELETE RESTRICT; one asset → many portfolios

### State Rules

- Only `status="active"` assets can be referenced when creating a new portfolio.
- Deactivated assets do not affect existing portfolios; only new creation is blocked.

## Entity: `Portfolio`

- Purpose: represent an owned investment portfolio with balances, strategy references, tags, comments, and trading history
- Source of Truth: portfolios table with dependent portfolio_ledger, portfolio_comments, and portfolio_tags tables
- Lifecycle: created -> updated by trade and cash operations -> reset or deleted

### Key Fields

- portfolio_id :: uuid :: server-generated UUID primary key; assigned at creation and never changed; BAT-006 migrated all pre-existing TEXT portfolio_id values to UUIDs
- name :: text :: human-readable portfolio name; unique per owner_user_id; validated against [a-zA-Z0-9._:-]{1,100}
- asset_id :: uuid :: FK → assets.asset_id; catalog reference for the traded asset; BAT-001 migrated symbol/market columns to this FK
- symbol :: text :: display symbol populated via JOIN on assets (read-only, not stored in portfolios)
- status :: text :: `"enabled"` (active, default) | `"disabled"` (soft-deleted); set to `"disabled"` by `DELETE /v1/portfolios/{id}`; only `status` can be mutated on a disabled portfolio (restoration via PATCH); all other writes → HTTP 409
- owner_user_id :: text|null :: owning user reference for attribution and authorization
- active_strategy_id :: text|null :: currently selected strategy-set reference
- cash_balance :: double precision :: current cash snapshot after the latest ledger event
- asset_quantity :: double precision :: current holdings snapshot after the latest ledger event
- managed_by_daemon_id :: text|null :: soft reference to daemons.id; controls daemon-scoped API access; NULL = unassigned (fail-closed for ledger writes and asset listing); set to NULL on soft delete; added by migration 20260513_0016
- tag_ids :: uuid[] :: array of tag UUIDs from the tags master table; replaces the old string-based portfolio_tags table (BAT-003 migration 20260519_0017); preserved on soft delete; default empty array

### Uniqueness Constraints

- uq_portfolios_owner_name :: UNIQUE (owner_user_id, name) :: enforces per-user portfolio name uniqueness at the DB level

### Relationships

- Asset :: asset_id FK ties each portfolio to exactly one catalog asset
- User :: owner_user_id links a portfolio to its owning user when ownership is assigned
- Daemon :: managed_by_daemon_id links a portfolio to exactly one daemon; NULL means unassigned
- StrategySet :: active_strategy_id and avabile_strategies connect reusable strategy definitions
- LedgerEntry, PortfolioComment :: child records are keyed by portfolio_id (UUID)
- Tag :: tag_ids UUID[] references tags.tag_id (no FK — soft reference for flexibility)

### State Rules

- Portfolio names are required, must be unique per owner_user_id, and are validated at the schema layer before persistence.
- portfolio_id is server-generated at creation; clients must never supply or assume a specific portfolio_id value.
- Balance-changing commands must update snapshot fields and append a ledger row together.
- tag_ids stores UUID references to active tags; duplicates are prevented by conditional array_append; comments are retrieved in created_at descending order.
- `status="disabled"` (soft delete): `managed_by_daemon_id` is set to NULL; portfolio is excluded from `GET /v1/portfolios` by default. Dependent data (`portfolio_comments`, `tag_ids`) is preserved — never deleted on soft delete. READ operations on sub-resources (GET tags, GET comments) remain allowed; write mutations raise HTTP 409.
- Status restoration: PATCH with `{"status": "enabled"}` re-activates a disabled portfolio; no other fields may be set in the same request.

## Entity: `User`

- Purpose: represent an authenticated principal that can own portfolios and receive service tokens
- Source of Truth: users table with dependent auth_tokens rows
- Lifecycle: bootstrapped or created -> updated -> deactivated or deleted

### Key Fields

- id :: text :: stable user primary key
- username :: text :: unique login and CLI lookup key
- email :: text|null :: unique contact identity when present
- permission :: text :: baseline role of read, trade-write, or admin
- is_active :: boolean :: authentication and authorization gate
- last_login_at :: timestamptz|null :: latest successful login timestamp

### Relationships

- AuthToken :: user_id links issued service tokens to the owning user
- Portfolio :: portfolios.owner_user_id ties portfolios to a managing user
- TokenPrincipal :: runtime auth resolution derives principals from persisted tokens and users

### State Rules

- username and email remain unique identifiers when present.
- Bootstrap admin creation only runs when the users table is empty and DB mode is enabled.
- Permission changes affect both API guards and CLI mutation capabilities.

## Entity: `AuthToken`

- Purpose: represent an issued service token (or session token for login flows) linked to a user with permission and optional runtime identifier; client token type (token_type="client") removed by REQ-016/BAT-006
- Source of Truth: auth_tokens table
- Lifecycle: issued -> optionally rotated -> revoked or expired

### Key Fields

- id :: text :: primary key; raw token value (stored hashed in practice)
- user_id :: text :: owning user reference
- token_type :: text :: "session" (login tokens) | "service" (daemon-bound operational tokens); "client" type removed by REQ-016/BAT-006
- token_source :: text :: "db" for persisted tokens; "env" for environment-injected tokens
- permission :: text :: read, trade-write, or admin
- service_name :: text|null :: logical name for service tokens (unique within token_type="service")
- runtime_id :: text|null :: per-token opaque runtime identifier; regenerated on every rotate; added by migration 20260502_0014
- daemon_id :: text|null :: soft reference to daemons.id; stable across rotates (rotate invariant); NULL = legacy/unbound token (fail-closed for daemon-scoped endpoints); added by migration 20260513_0016
- expires_at :: timestamptz|null :: token expiry; null for non-expiring tokens
- created_at :: timestamptz :: issuance timestamp

### Uniqueness Constraints

- idx_auth_tokens_service_name_unique :: UNIQUE (name) WHERE token_type='service' AND revoked_at IS NULL (BAT-006/REQ-017: revoked_at IS NULL 조건 추가로 rotate 후 구 token과 신 token 이름 충돌 해소)
- idx_auth_tokens_runtime_id_unique :: UNIQUE (runtime_id) WHERE runtime_id IS NOT NULL

### State Rules

- Service tokens are the only tokens accepted by v1 API endpoints.
- runtime_id is per-token and changes on every rotate; daemon_id is stable across rotates (daemon_id invariant).
- daemon_id=NULL tokens are fail-closed on GET /v1/assets and POST /v1/assets/{asset_id}/ledger/trades (HTTP 403); GET /v1/user_info returns 200 + `daemon_id: null` as diagnostic.
- Token permission gates both HTTP API guards and CLI mutation capabilities.
- Deprecated: token_type="client" issuance path removed by REQ-016/BAT-006; existing "client" type rows in legacy DBs remain readable but new issuance is blocked.

## Entity: `Daemon`

- Purpose: represent a stable logical identity for a trading daemon process; registered per user; bound to service tokens at issuance; assigned to assets
- Source of Truth: daemons table (added by migration 20260513_0016)
- Lifecycle: created by operator via `pfhub daemon create` -> optionally updated -> deactivated

### Key Fields

- id :: text :: server-generated UUID primary key; stable logical identity across service-token rotates
- owner_user_id :: text :: owning user reference (part of composite unique constraint)
- daemon_slug :: text :: operator-assigned short identifier; unique per owner_user_id
- display_name :: text|null :: human-readable label for the daemon
- is_active :: boolean :: if false, service-token issuance for this daemon is rejected; default true
- created_at :: timestamptz :: registration timestamp
- updated_at :: timestamptz :: last update timestamp

### Uniqueness Constraints

- uq_daemons_owner_slug :: UNIQUE (owner_user_id, daemon_slug) :: one slug per user

### Relationships

- User :: owner_user_id links a daemon to its owning user
- AuthToken :: auth_tokens.daemon_id binds a service token to this daemon (1 token : 1 daemon)
- Portfolio :: portfolios.managed_by_daemon_id assigns an asset to this daemon (1 asset : 1 daemon)

### State Rules

- A daemon must exist and be active before a service token can be bound to it at issuance.
- Deactivating a daemon (is_active=false) immediately revokes all bound service tokens via `revoke_tokens_by_daemon_id` (REQ-022/BAT-007) and blocks new token issuance.
- daemon_slug is immutable after creation; only display_name and is_active can be updated.

## Entity: `BrokerCredential`

- Purpose: store Fernet-encrypted broker API credentials per user-broker pair for the trex-basic integration
- Source of Truth: broker_credentials table (added by migration 20260502_0014)
- Lifecycle: upserted via CLI credential command -> optionally rotated

### Key Fields

- user_id :: text :: owning user reference (part of composite PK)
- broker :: text :: broker identifier, e.g., "KIS" (part of composite PK)
- account_ref :: text :: broker account reference or alias
- encrypted_payload :: text :: Fernet-encrypted JSON ciphertext; plaintext is `{"app_key": ..., "app_secret": ...}`; decrypted at query time using CREDENTIAL_ENCRYPTION_KEY (REQ-010)
- credential_version :: integer :: monotonically increasing rotation counter; server_default=1
- last_rotated_at :: timestamptz :: last credential upsert or rotation timestamp; server_default=NOW()

### Uniqueness Constraints

- PRIMARY KEY (user_id, broker) :: one credential entry per user per broker

### State Rules

- encrypted_payload must never contain plaintext credentials; Fernet encryption is mandatory before persistence.
- Decryption failures (wrong key, corrupted payload) log a warning and return `credential_payload: null` in GET /v1/user_info.

## Entity: `LedgerTrade`

- Purpose: record idempotent trade execution entries submitted by trex-basic via POST /v1/portfolios/{portfolio_id}/ledger/trades
- Source of Truth: ledger_trades table (added by migration 20260502_0014; column `asset_id` renamed to `portfolio_id` by migration 20260601_0024 — REQ-033 / dcy-005 FR-1)
- Lifecycle: inserted once per unique (portfolio_id, order_id, execution_id) tuple; never updated or deleted

### Key Fields

- ledger_entry_id :: bigint (Identity) :: auto-generated sequential primary key
- portfolio_id :: text :: portfolios.portfolio_id (UUID-format text) referencing the trading portfolio (renamed from `asset_id` by REQ-033)
- order_id :: text :: broker-assigned order identifier
- execution_id :: text :: broker-assigned execution/fill identifier
- side :: text :: "buy" or "sell"
- quantity :: numeric(20,8) :: executed quantity
- price :: numeric(20,8) :: execution price
- fee_amount :: numeric(20,8) :: brokerage fee; server_default=0
- tax_amount :: numeric(20,8) :: transaction tax; server_default=0
- executed_at :: timestamptz :: broker-reported execution timestamp
- recorded_at :: timestamptz :: insertion timestamp; server_default=NOW()

### Uniqueness Constraints

- uq_ledger_trades_idempotency :: UNIQUE (portfolio_id, order_id, execution_id) :: idempotency guarantee; duplicate inserts are detected and return HTTP 200 + status="duplicate"
- idx_ledger_trades_asset_executed :: INDEX (portfolio_id, executed_at) :: time-range query optimization (constraint/index objects retain their original names; only the underlying column was renamed)

### State Rules

- Rows are immutable after insertion; no UPDATE path exists.
- Payload conflict detection: if unique key matches but payload differs → HTTP 409 Conflict.
- portfolio_id is TEXT (not a FK) but must correspond to a valid portfolios.portfolio_id before insertion.



## Entity: `PortfolioLedger` manual extensions (REQ-056 / BAT-024)

- Purpose: unified append-only portfolio ledger table now also records owner-scoped manual ledger entries for trex-web.
- Source of Truth: `portfolio_ledger` table.
- Lifecycle: manual API appends rows with `source='manual'`; previous rows are never updated/deleted. Corrections use `REVERSAL` rows referencing a target ledger entry.

### Additional Key Fields

- source :: text :: `broker` for existing daemon trade writes by default, `manual` for owner-scoped manual ledger API rows.
- target_ledger_entry_id :: bigint|null :: required for `REVERSAL`; references the reversed ledger entry logically.
- confirmation_evidence :: text|null :: records API-level explicit confirmation evidence for daemon-managed portfolio manual writes.
- actor_user_id :: text|null :: user/session actor that appended the manual ledger entry.

### Manual Action Semantics

- INVEST: external capital -> profit_buffer; increases net contributed capital.
- WITHDRAW: profit_buffer -> external capital as contributed-capital withdrawal; decreases net contributed capital.
- PROFIT: profit_buffer -> external capital as pure profit withdrawal; does not affect net contributed capital and is exposed separately as `cumulative_profit_withdrawn`.
- BUFFER_OUT: profit_buffer -> cash_balance.
- BUFFER_IN: cash_balance -> profit_buffer.
- BUY: cash_balance -> asset_quantity.
- SELL: asset_quantity -> cash_balance.
- REVERSAL: append-only inverse effect of `target_ledger_entry_id`.

### State Rules

- Manual writes lock the portfolio row while calculating/appending/updating snapshots to avoid lost updates.
- Manual writes reject insufficient cash/quantity/buffer with HTTP 409 rather than creating a new negative state.
- `total_value_after` for manual entries is the portfolio snapshot value after the mutation and includes cash, asset valuation, and profit buffer.

## Shared Consistency Rules

- auth_tokens.user_id and portfolios.owner_user_id should resolve to existing users before protected flows run.
- strategy_sets.name plus config, strategy_sets.nick, and service token names have uniqueness constraints.
- Portfolio snapshot fields and portfolio_ledger history must stay synchronized across mutations.
- (owner_user_id, name) uniqueness is enforced at both the DB constraint level and the application layer; violations surface as a 409 Conflict or ValueError with a Korean message.

## Persistence / Integration Notes

- Alembic revisions in migrations/versions/ are the ordered schema history for persistent environments.
- app/repositories/postgres.py includes ensure_schema() for bootstrap safety, but long-term schema evolution should run through Alembic.
- Comments, tags, auth tokens, and ledger rows are normalized into dedicated tables keyed to users or portfolios.

## Current Gaps / Planned Changes

- Production-like migration verification against a real PostgreSQL or TimescaleDB instance is still pending.
- Retention and archival rules are not yet documented for ledger, comment, or revoked-token records.
- Future authorization changes may require stronger ownership constraints in schema or query paths.

## Update Triggers

- Update this document when a core entity, key field, or relationship changes.
- Update this document when lifecycle or persistence behavior changes.
- Update this document when a batch introduces a migration, backfill, or breaking data assumption.

## Change Log

- 2026-07-14 KST: BAT-024 (REQ-056) — documented portfolio_ledger manual extensions (`source`, `target_ledger_entry_id`, `confirmation_evidence`, `actor_user_id`) and PROFIT/WITHDRAW return semantics.
- 2026-05-21 KST: BAT-010 (REQ-032) — v1 portfolio surface 데이터 모델 보강: Portfolio.status 필드 신설 (`"enabled"` | `"disabled"` 의미, soft delete 정책); Portfolio.managed_by_daemon_id에 soft delete 시 NULL 설정 명시; tag_ids 소프트 삭제 보존 정책 추가; Portfolio State Rules에 disabled 상태 정책 + 의존 데이터 보존 + 상태 복원 규칙 추가; Source Discovery/Batch 헤더 갱신.
- 2026-05-21 KST: BAT-008 (REQ-019) — 토큰 surface 정합성 회복: AuthToken token_type "client" 제거 반영; idx_auth_tokens_service_name_unique에 AND revoked_at IS NULL 조건 추가(REQ-017); Daemon 비활성화 시 바인딩 서비스 토큰 자동 revoke 정책 반영(REQ-022); User/AuthToken Purpose 문구 갱신.
- 2026-05-20 KST: bat-005 — REQ-008 AC-1: added Entity: Tag (tags master table, BAT-003 migration 20260519_0017); updated Portfolio.tag_ids UUID[] field; removed portfolio_tags table note; updated Portfolio Relationships and State Rules; updated Model Summary.
- 2026-05-19 KST: bat-002 — REQ-015: added Entity: Asset (asset catalog with symbol UNIQUE, markets[], status); updated Portfolio.asset_id FK and symbol/market field notes.
- 2026-05-13 KST: bat-010 — REQ-009/023/028: added Entity: Daemon; added portfolios.managed_by_daemon_id; added auth_tokens.daemon_id; updated AuthToken State Rules (runtime_id vs daemon_id distinction, fail-closed policy); updated Portfolio Relationships; updated Model Summary.
- 2026-05-11 KST: bat-008 — REQ-011 AC-2: added portfolios.market column; added Entity: AuthToken (runtime_id field); added Entity: BrokerCredential; added Entity: LedgerTrade; updated Model Summary.
- 2026-05-11 KST: bat-006 — portfolios.portfolio_id changed to server-generated UUID PK; name column added with UNIQUE (owner_user_id, name) constraint; uq_portfolios_owner_name constraint documented; state rules updated.
- 2026-04-30 KST: Bootstrap baseline created from repository observation for initial StagePilot adoption.